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      <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#CPU"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">CPU</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#GPU"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">GPU</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#内存"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">内存</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#缓存"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">缓存</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#硬盘"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">硬盘</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#简单的概括："><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">简单的概括：</span></a></li></ol>
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        CPU GPU 内存 缓存 硬盘
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    <h4 id="CPU"><a href="#CPU" class="headerlink" title="CPU"></a>CPU</h4><pre><code>CPU是中央处理器的简称，它可以从内存和缓存中读取指令，放入指令寄存器，并能够发出控制指令来完成一条指令的执行。但是CPU并不能直接从硬盘中读取程序或数据。</code></pre><h4 id="GPU"><a href="#GPU" class="headerlink" title="GPU"></a>GPU</h4><p><img src="http://148.70.50.70/source/1571544396173.jpg" alt="image.png"><br>图形处理器(英语:Graphics Processing Unit，缩写:GPU)，又称显示核心、视觉处理器、显示芯片，是一种专门在个人电脑、工作站、游戏机和一些移动设备(如平板电脑、智能手机等)上图像运算工作的微处理器。</p>
<p>用途是将计算机系统所需要的显示信息进行转换驱动，并向显示器提供行扫描信号，控制显示器的正确显示，是连接显示器和个人电脑主板的重要元件，也是”人机对话”的重要设备之一。显卡作为电脑主机里的一个重要组成部分，承担输出显示图形的任务，对于从事专业图形设计的人来说显卡非常重要。</p>
<h4 id="内存"><a href="#内存" class="headerlink" title="内存"></a>内存</h4><pre><code>内存作为与CPU直接进行沟通的部件，所有的程序都是在内存中运行的。其作用是暂时存放CPU的运算数据，以及与硬盘交换的数据。也是相当于CPU与硬盘沟通的桥梁。只要计算机在运行，CPU就会把需要运算的数据调到内存中进行运算，运算完成后CPU再将结果传出来。    </code></pre><h4 id="缓存"><a href="#缓存" class="headerlink" title="缓存"></a>缓存</h4><pre><code>缓存是CPU的一部分，存在于CPU里。由于CPU的存取速度很快，而内存的速度很慢，为了不让CPU每次都在运行相对缓慢的内存中操作，缓存就作为一个中间者出现了。有些常用的数据或是地址，就直接存在缓存中，这样，下一次调用的时候就不需要再去内存中去找了。因此，CPU每次回先到自己的缓存中寻找想要的东西（一般80%的东西都可以找到），找不到的时候再去内存中获取。</code></pre><p>最初的缓存生产成本很高，价格昂贵，所以为了存储更多的数据，又不希望成本过高，就出现了二级缓存的概念，他们采用的并不是一级缓存的SRAM（静态RAM），而是采用了性能比SRAM稍差一些，但是比内存更快的DRAM（动态RAM）</p>
<h4 id="硬盘"><a href="#硬盘" class="headerlink" title="硬盘"></a>硬盘</h4><pre><code>我们都知道内存是掉电之后数据就消失的部件，所以，长期的数据存储更多的还是依靠硬盘这种本地磁盘作为存储工具。</code></pre><h4 id="简单的概括："><a href="#简单的概括：" class="headerlink" title="简单的概括："></a>简单的概括：</h4><p>CPU运行时首先会去自身的缓存中寻找，如果没有再去内存中找。<br>硬盘中的数据会先写入内存才能被CPU使用。<br>缓存会记录一些常用的数据等信息，以免每次都要到内存中，节省了时间，提高了效率。<br>内存+缓存 -&gt; 内存储空间<br>硬盘 -&gt; 外存储空间</p>

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      <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#CPU"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">CPU</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#GPU"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">GPU</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#内存"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">内存</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#缓存"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">缓存</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#硬盘"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">硬盘</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#简单的概括："><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">简单的概括：</span></a></li></ol>
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